A landlord acting as a trader and a tenant acting as a consumer can have a consumer contract. Part 2 of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 requires fair, transparent terms. It can apply to tenancy agreements as well as separate consumer purchases.

Housing law also imposes specific duties, and the Tenant Fees Act 2019 restricts payments. These are different questions: is the charge permitted, does a statutory duty apply, and is the term fair?

For a landlord's repair obligation, start with the housing-law duties and reporting routes already taught. Do not assume that every tenancy dispute is a claim about a service you personally bought from a tradesperson.