A refrigerator transfers heat from its cooled compartment to the surrounding room. In a common vapour-compression system, refrigerant absorbs heat as it evaporates at low pressure, is compressed, then releases heat and condenses at higher pressure. An expansion device helps create the pressure difference.

The condenser may be exposed, enclosed or built into the cabinet. Warm surfaces, compressor noise and cycling depend on the model and conditions; none alone certifies performance. Use the manual and temperature evidence instead of assuming that every warm panel or long run is a fault.